Thymosin Alpha-1

Modulates the immune system, studied for its potential in treating various autoimmune diseases and infections.

Common Name:
Thymosin Alpha-1

Compound Name:
Thymosin Alpha-1

Chemical Formula:
C129H215N33O55

Molecular Weight:
3108.3 g/mol

Sequence and Amino Acid Composition:

Sequence: Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn
Amino Acid Profile:
- Serine (S):
  - Frequency: Multiple
  - Properties: Polar, participates in the formation of hydrogen bonds
  - Role in the Peptide: Important for the biological activity and stability of the peptide.
- Glutamine (E) and Lysine (K):
  - Frequencies: Multiple
  - Properties: Glutamine is polar and Lysine is positively charged
  - Role in the Peptide: Essential for immune modulation and enhances the peptide’s ability to stimulate the immune response.
- Aspartic Acid (D) and Alanine (A):
  - Frequencies: Multiple
  - Properties: Aspartic acid is acidic and polar; Alanine is non-polar and small
  - Role in the Peptide: Contribute to the structural features that allow proper interaction with immune cells.

Structure:
Thymosin Alpha-1 is a peptide consisting of 28 amino acids. It is derived from prothymosin alpha and plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune function.

Synthesis Method:
Synthesized through solid-phase peptide synthesis, which ensures high purity and allows for precise sequence accuracy.

Solubility:
Soluble in water and most aqueous buffers, facilitating its use in various pharmaceutical formulations.

Stability:
Stable under refrigeration (2-8°C) in lyophilized form. When reconstituted, it should be used within a short period to maintain its biological activity.

Function:
Thymosin Alpha-1 enhances the maturation, differentiation, and activation of T-cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, making it critical for immune response modulation.

Benefits and Uses:

Used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C, enhancing the immune response to the virus.
Investigated for potential use in cancer therapy, as it can boost the immune system’s ability to fight tumors.
Explored for its effectiveness in increasing vaccine efficacy, particularly in the elderly and immunocompromised patients.

Side Effects:
Well-tolerated in most patients, with few reported side effects. Possible side effects include mild injection site reactions and transient flu-like symptoms.

Regulatory Status:
Approved in some countries for the treatment of hepatitis B and C and other conditions where immune response modulation is beneficial.

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